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Q: What factors are associated with microalbuminuria in the general population?
A: Numerous physiological and pathological factors can transiently increase albumin excretion in the urine. These include upright posture, exercise, acute hyperglycemia, hypertension exacerbation, heart failure, active sepsis or fever from any cause (febrile proteinuria), urinary tract infection, admixture with menstrual flow in women, and hematuria from any cause. Of course, nondiabetic renal disorders can lead to persistent proteinuria or the nephrotic syndrome. For practical purposes, testing for microalbuminuria should not be undertaken during febrile illness, or immediately following exercise. Prior to making the diagnosis of microalbuminuria and instituting a treatment regimen, the abnormal value should be repeated on another day.
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